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¤ ANTONIUS, GAIUS (d. c. 44 B.C.) Brother of Marc ANTONY; a devoted follower of Julius
CAESAR. He unsuccessfully defended Curicta, an island in the Adriatic Sea, in 49 B.C., and in 44 was
besieged by Brutus in Apollonia and captured by the enemy. Brutus had him executed after he tried to
cause a revolt in the army on the site.
¤ ANTONIUS, IULLUS (fl. late 1st century B.C.) The son of Marc ANTONY by FULVIA. His career
was considerable, as he served as a praetor in 13 B.C. and as consul in 9 B.C. Antonius married the
imperial niece, Marcella, who had been divorced in 21 B.C. by Agrippa, who was planning to marry
JULIA. (3). Antonius' connection to the royal household proved his undoing. In 2 B.C., he became
involved with the adulterous Julia. When her indiscretions became public, he was executed by imperial
decree, possibly for plotting against the throne.
¤ ANTONIUS, LUCIUS (fl. mid-lst century B.C.) A brother of Marc ANTONY, who was a supporter
of his campaigns against Octavian (AUGUSTUS) in the civil war. For many years Lucius, as other
members of his family, had aided Julius Caesar. He served as a quaestor in Asia until 49 B.C., when he
took over as pro quaestor in charge of the entire province. After Caesar's assassination in 44 B.C., Lucius
Antony joined Marc in the war against the LIBERATORS (Caesar's killers), eventually becoming consul
in 41. After this period his main enemy was Octavian, against whom he organized unhappy farmers and
landowners who had been dispossessed by the SECOND TRIUMVIRATE'S land grants to veterans.
Octavian, seeking to stabilize the Roman political environment, pardoned Lucius in 40 and dispatched
him to Spain. He served as consul, with Publius Servilus; but, in actuality, FULVIA (Marc Antony's
wife) was his true ally. He received the nickname Pietas (devoted or loyal) as a result. See also
PERUSINE WAR.
¤ ANTONY, MARC (Marcus Antonius) (c. 83 B.C.-30 B.C.) Triumvir, consul and imperial aspirant,
Marcus Antonius was one of the most important figures from the dying days of the Republic. He was the
son of Antonius Creticus, an unsuccessful admiral, and Julia. His father died early in his childhood, and
P. Cornelius Lentulus raised him after marrying Julia. In 63 B.C. his adoptive father was strangled on
Cicero's order for involvement in the famed Catiline Affair, an act Antony did not forget. Subsequent
years proved the young Antony an insatiable womanizer and a dissipater.
In 58 or 57, he traveled to Syria, joining the army of Gabinius, where as a cavalry commander he served
in Egypt and Palestine with distinction. He was in Gaul in 54 as a staff member for Julius CAESAR. This
connection proved useful, for in 52, Marc Antony became a quaestor and the most vocal and dedicated of
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